第40卷第5期日用化學(xué)工業(yè)Vol 40 No 52010年10月China Surfactant Detergent Cosmetics0ct.2010重烷基苯供料泵超壓分析劉忠和,康萬利2(1.大慶油田化工有限公司技術(shù)開發(fā)研究院,黑龍江大慶163453;2.中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)石油工程學(xué)院中石化提高采收率研究所,山東青島266553摘要:對(duì)正常停產(chǎn)按操作規(guī)程停泵后,出現(xiàn)重烷基苯供料泵泵蓋崩開泵出口壓力表因超量程損壞現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了分析。通過排查管線測(cè)量重烷基苯密度隨溫度的變化計(jì)算重烷基苯熱膨脹系數(shù)后發(fā)現(xiàn)問題所在:輸出管線內(nèi)重烷基苯加熱后體積膨脹管內(nèi)壓強(qiáng)增大,泵出口閥關(guān)閉不嚴(yán),致使泵體壓強(qiáng)升高泵損壞。提出了兩種解決方法:停泵后放出計(jì)算量的液體或在輸出管線上加安全閥關(guān)鍵詞:重烷基苯;熱膨脹系數(shù);超壓中圖分類號(hào):TQ649.4文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1001-1803(2010)05-0390-03Analysis of over-pressure failure of heavy -alkylbenzene feed pumpLIU Zhong-he, KANG Wan-li(1. Technology and Development Institute of Daging Oil-Field Chemical Industry Co Ltd., DaqingHeilongjiang 163453, China; 2. SinoPec EOR Research Center, School of Petroleum EngineeringChina University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, China)Abstract: A heavy-alkylbenzene( HAB)feed pump was shut down in accordance with the normal operatingrules. However, under such normal conditions, the pump casing broke and the pressure gage at the dischargeend of the hAB pump damaged due to the pressure to be measured was beyond the rated pressure range of thepressure gage. Such phenomena showed that the pump casing has been over pressurized. In order to find thereason of such over-pressure phenomenon, a thorough study with respect to the whole system as well as thephysical - chemical properties of working medium, including the troubleshooting of the pump and theconcerning piping as well as measurement of the density -temperature profile and the calculation of thermalexpansion coefficient of HAB, was carried out. Results showed that this problem is due to the expansion of theHAB liquid in the pump discharge piping system caused by temperature rise; while the block valve at theharge end of the pump was not tightly closed. Then the expanded HAB liquid flowed into the pump, andcaused the over-pressurizing of the pump casing. Two ways were suggested for avoiding the re-happening ofsuch failure. One is during the shut down of the pump, a calculated amount of the HAB liquid should beKey words heavy -alkylbenzene; thermal expansion coeficient; over pressure泵是化工生產(chǎn)常見的設(shè)備,常用泵有離心泵、柱塞的是出口壓力高時(shí)防止憋壞泵體。按雙凸齒輪泵的操泵和齒輪泵等。重烷基苯因其常溫下黏度為16Pa·8作中國(guó)煤化工管線時(shí),要將的進(jìn)左右而使用齒輪泵。泵本身有循環(huán)泄壓裝置,其目出東昊表面活性劑分公CNMHG收稿日期:200928;修回日期:2010-07-22基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(20873181);山東省泰山學(xué)者建設(shè)T程資助項(xiàng)目(t0070704)作者簡(jiǎn)介:劉忠和(1970-),男(漢),黑龍江人,工程師,碩士,電話:1383689第5劉忠和,等:重烷基苯供料泵超壓分析生產(chǎn)與技術(shù)司出現(xiàn)停泵后1h內(nèi)重烷基苯原料泵泵蓋崩開、泵出為了更好地說明這一情況,作者測(cè)定不同溫度下口壓力表?yè)p壞事故。針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象作者對(duì)事故原因進(jìn)兩種重烷基苯的密度,從而計(jì)算重烷基苯的膨脹系數(shù)行了查找。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果見圖1。由圖1可知,烷基苯的密度隨溫度1實(shí)驗(yàn)部分的升高而降低。1.1試劑及儀器重烷基苯(1號(hào)重烷基苯,平均相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量280;2號(hào)重烷基苯,平均相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量340),撫順化工公司洗化廠。DCW-3506低溫恒溫槽,寧波天恒儀器廠;DMA4500型密度計(jì), Anton Paar公司12密度測(cè)定10010203040慢慢將重烷基苯倒入量筒,將量筒置于恒溫槽中,15min后放入密度計(jì),讀取彎月面下部刻度線數(shù)值圖1重烷基苯密度隨溫度的變化曲線2結(jié)果與討論膨脹系數(shù)稱“體積膨脹系數(shù)”,無論物質(zhì)是哪種泵壓升高來自兩個(gè)方面:液體被壓縮,即泵偷轉(zhuǎn);(固體液體或氣體)形態(tài)變化,都稱之為體積膨脹,體液體體積膨脹,即溫度升高。積膨脹系數(shù)計(jì)算公式為:2.1模擬泵偷轉(zhuǎn)關(guān)閉泵進(jìn)出口閥門啟動(dòng)泵,雖然是違反操作規(guī)程,式中:V為0℃時(shí)物質(zhì)的體積;但是為模擬泵偷轉(zhuǎn)只能如此,有人監(jiān)護(hù)。壓力表讀數(shù)v為t℃時(shí)物質(zhì)的體積是0.5MPa,壓力表?yè)p壞的壓力要超過1.2MPa。由此a為體積膨脹系數(shù)。可知,泵蓋崩開不是泵偷轉(zhuǎn)引起的。由于固體或液體的膨脹系數(shù)很小,在溫度不是很2.2重烷基苯熱膨脹系數(shù)測(cè)定高時(shí),可直接用式(2)計(jì)算體積膨脹系數(shù)。V2=v[1+a(k2-1)]泵蓋崩開和出口壓力表?yè)p壞,用手測(cè)試了泵體溫式中:V是在4℃時(shí)物質(zhì)的體積;度,沒有產(chǎn)生高溫。已經(jīng)排除泵偷轉(zhuǎn),不存在壓縮問V2是在2℃時(shí)物質(zhì)的體積題,只有液體(即重烷基苯)膨脹。泵體不熱,但泵的如果用密度來表示a,則:出口閥關(guān)閉不嚴(yán),問題就出在閥關(guān)閉不嚴(yán)上。泵出口到反應(yīng)器大約有120m,供料管直徑為50.8mm,附屬熱水伴熱保溫管線,熱水溫度在55℃-60℃。冬季式中:p0為起始溫度時(shí)重烷基苯的密度;北方戶外溫度低于-20℃,從泵出口到反應(yīng)器之前換p2為終了溫度時(shí)重烷基苯的密度;熱器,管線內(nèi)重烷基苯溫度升至約10℃~15℃,這是Δt為溫差。傳輸管線伴熱的結(jié)果。按正常操作規(guī)程停車或者換傳輸管線,從泵出口到換熱器之前,兩閥門之間關(guān)閉成從圖1可知,(p-p2)/M近似為一常數(shù)C,則封閉管線。關(guān)閉閥門瞬間傳輸管線內(nèi)重烷基苯平均a=C/pp隨溫度升高而降低膨脹系數(shù)在此溫度區(qū)溫度不會(huì)超過10℃,熱水伴熱會(huì)使管線內(nèi)重烷基苯升間隨溫度升高而增大。在此溫度區(qū)間里膨脹系數(shù)可溫到40℃-50℃,溫度上升管線內(nèi)重烷基苯的體積近似為賓會(huì)膨脹。液體壓縮需較大的壓力,因泵出口閥關(guān)閉不中國(guó)煤化工=620×10-,a在嚴(yán),則泵體壓強(qiáng)會(huì)隨著傳輸管線一起上升,管線耐壓強(qiáng).07CNMH度高于泵頭蓋密封處,所以在薄弱點(diǎn)泄壓,泵頭蓋密封C2=(0.894-0.855)/(50+20)=5.57×10泄露。623×104-6.51×10-(-20℃-50℃)生產(chǎn)與技術(shù)日用化學(xué)工業(yè)第40卷相比較于水,重烷基苯的膨脹系數(shù)要大幾倍。其安全受熱膨脹體積更大,產(chǎn)生的壓強(qiáng)更大,在現(xiàn)有的生產(chǎn)條件下,北方冬季停車后關(guān)閉閥門,其產(chǎn)生的壓強(qiáng)一定會(huì)超過0.8MPa(冬季室外水管會(huì)凍裂,管線耐壓強(qiáng)度為重烷基苯管線08MPa,水0℃膨脹系數(shù)為1.3×10-4)2.3解決問題的方法1)放一定體積原料:按正常操作程序停車或換輸圖2管線改造示意圖出管線后,所停泵的出口閥不能立即關(guān)閉,在泵出口底閥放出計(jì)算量體積(膨脹體積V2-V1=aH1(l2-t1))綜上所述,北方冬季化工原料傳輸管線法蘭泄漏的烷基苯,然后再關(guān)閉泵的出口閥。以及戶外管線連接的化工設(shè)備出現(xiàn)泄露,多考慮一些2)管線上加安全閥:在距不合格酸儲(chǔ)罐就近管線傳輸介質(zhì)的體積膨脹特別是有伴熱的戶外管線在設(shè)上接一安全閥跳閥壓力設(shè)為0.4MPa,閥出口至不合計(jì)的時(shí)候要多考慮冬夏溫差帶來的不利影響。格酸儲(chǔ)罐,這樣管線的壓力升高,重烷基苯就進(jìn)入不合參考文獻(xiàn):格酸儲(chǔ)罐。安全閥安裝如圖2所示。[1]欒振輝齒輪泵研究的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展[]起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)械m06(6):ll-13.(上接第380頁(yè))[19] SONG Y S, CHUNG B Y, PARK M E, et al. 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