201l年1潤(rùn)滑與密封Jan.2011第36卷第l期LUBRICATION ENGINEERINGVol 36 No, IDol:10.3969/isn0254-0150.201101.022甲醇汽油對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油低溫性能的影響尹興林王嬌董元虎(1.陜西通用石油化工有限公司陜西西安710043;2.上海同濟(jì)同捷科技股份有限公司上海201206;3.長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)汽車學(xué)院陜西西安710064)摘要:為考察甲醇汽油對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油低溫性能的影響,通過(guò)向發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油中添加甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物甲酸、甲醛,分析其對(duì)油樣的傾點(diǎn)、凝點(diǎn)、低溫動(dòng)力黏度的影響。結(jié)果表明:甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物甲醛、甲酸對(duì)油樣的傾8點(diǎn)、凝點(diǎn)影響較小;隨著甲醇添加量的增加,油樣的低溫動(dòng)力黏度有增大的趨勢(shì):在甲酸質(zhì)分?jǐn)?shù)為08%-12%時(shí)油樣的低溫動(dòng)力黏度值較大,但其增大的趨勢(shì)平緩。因此甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油的低溫性能影響不大關(guān)鍵詞:甲醇汽油;發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油;低溫性能中圖分類號(hào):TE626.3文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):0254-0150(2011)1-085-3The Effect of Methanol Gasoline on Low TemperaturePerformance of Engine oilYin Xinglin' Wang Jiao Dong Yuanhu(L. Shannxi Tongyong Petrochemical Co, Ld, Xi' an Shaanxi 710043, China 2. Tongie Innova Engineering TechnologyCo, Ltd, Shanghai 201206, China; 3. School of Automobile, Chang'an University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710064, China)Abstract: In order to study the effect of methanol gasoline on the low temperature performance of engine oil, methanolgasoline and its simulated combustion products of formaldehyde and formic acid were added into the engine oils, and thepour point, solidification point and low temperature dynamic viscosity of the oil samples were analyzed. The results showthat the pour point and solidification point have little change with adding methanol gasoline and its simulated combustionproducts of formaldehyde and formic acid to the oil samples. The low temperature dynamic viscosity has slight increase withthe increase of methanol in methanol gasoline, and it is high as the mass fraction of formic acid is between 0. 8%-1. 2%6,but the whole increase tendency is gentle with the increase of formic acid. So the methanol gasoline and its simulated com-Keywords: methanol gasoline; engine oil; low temperature performance發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油良好的低溫性能是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在嚴(yán)寒的冬季甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物甲酸溶液、甲醛溶液,測(cè)能夠正常啟動(dòng)、潤(rùn)滑的有力保障。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)各潤(rùn)滑部件定油樣的傾點(diǎn)、凝點(diǎn)、低溫動(dòng)力黏度等評(píng)定項(xiàng)目,從能及時(shí)得到良好潤(rùn)滑,從而降低發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)磨損和啟而分析甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油低溫性動(dòng)功率損失。由于甲醇與汽油相比具有特有的理化性能的影響。能,如甲醇的沸點(diǎn)為648℃,比汽油的初餾點(diǎn)(301試驗(yàn)材料及方法℃)要高2,甲醇汽油及其燃燒產(chǎn)物甲酸等在發(fā)動(dòng)1.1試驗(yàn)材料機(jī)工作過(guò)程中,容易竄到曲軸箱中,與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油混(1)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油:15W40SF汽油機(jī)油,長(zhǎng)城潤(rùn)合。通過(guò)試驗(yàn)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)36:甲醇汽油及其燃燒產(chǎn)物滑油公司生產(chǎn)。對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油的抗磨性能、清凈分散性能、氧化和硝化(2)甲醛溶液:HCHO的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)37.0%性能均有負(fù)面影響。本文作者通過(guò)向發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油中添加%,西安化學(xué)試劑廠生產(chǎn)。(3)甲酸溶液: HCOOH的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)不少于收稿日期:2010-06-30880%,天津市紅巖化學(xué)試劑廠生產(chǎn)作者簡(jiǎn)介:尹興林(1979),男,工學(xué)碩士,工程師,主要從(4)甲醇汽油:所用的甲醇汽油的組分見(jiàn)表1事潤(rùn)滑劑開(kāi)發(fā)研究和設(shè)備潤(rùn)滑節(jié)能工作.Emal: indic@s所示。潤(rùn)滑與密封第36卷表1幾種甲醇汽油組成(體積分?jǐn)?shù))物發(fā)生反應(yīng)而影響到烴類的傾點(diǎn)。從圖2中可以看Table 1 Component of methanol gasoline到,第5組油樣的傾點(diǎn)基本沒(méi)有變化,這是由于甲醛甲酶汽油M0M15M25M35MS0M85常溫下是氣體,當(dāng)加人油樣后加熱攪拌就會(huì)分散到空甲醇/%015.025.035.050.085.0氣中。汽油/%10082.570.560.542.015.0助溶劑/%02.54.54.58.00.0油油油油1.2方案設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)甲醇汽油及其燃燒產(chǎn)物的特點(diǎn),方案設(shè)計(jì)如下:共6組油樣,第1組油樣為不同種類的甲醇汽油按質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)1%分別加入到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油中;第2組油樣為不同種類的甲醇汽油按質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)1%分別同質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為1%甲酸以及質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為1%的甲醛溶液加入發(fā)圖1油樣傾點(diǎn)隨甲醇質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的變化曲線動(dòng)機(jī)油中;第3組油樣為不同種類的甲醇汽油按質(zhì)量of pour point of oil sampl分?jǐn)?shù)1%分別和質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為1%的甲醛加入到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)with methanol mass fraction油中;第4組油樣為不同種類的甲醇汽油按質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)1%分別和質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為1%的甲酸加入到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油中第5組油樣為甲醛分別按質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)04%、0.8%1.2%、1.6%加入到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油中;第6組油樣為甲酸分別按質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%加入到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油中;第7組油樣為不添加任何試劑的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油。Mass fraction of formaldehyde/%1.3試驗(yàn)方法按照上述方案設(shè)計(jì)配制油樣,并在恒溫65℃下圖2第5組試樣傾點(diǎn)隨甲醛溶液質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的變化曲線攪拌30min,冷卻密封油樣,靜止放置24h后,分Fig 2 Variation of pour point of Group 5 oilmple with formaldehyde mass fraction別測(cè)定傾點(diǎn)、凝點(diǎn)、低溫動(dòng)力黏度。油樣的低溫性能指標(biāo)測(cè)試方法見(jiàn)表2所示。2油樣的低溫性能指標(biāo)測(cè)試方法Table 2 Low temperature performance test methods項(xiàng)目試驗(yàn)方法國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)傾點(diǎn)℃石油傾點(diǎn)測(cè)定法B/T3535凝點(diǎn)℃石油產(chǎn)品凝點(diǎn)測(cè)定法GB/TSI0Mass fraction of formic acid/%低溫動(dòng)力黏度/發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油表觀黏度測(cè)定法GB/T6538圖3第6組試樣傾點(diǎn)隨甲酸溶液質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的變化曲線(mPa.s)(冷啟動(dòng)模擬機(jī)法)Fig 3 Variation of pour point of Group 6 oilmple with formic acid mass fraction2試驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析2.1甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)?xùn)i油傾點(diǎn)的2.2甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油凝點(diǎn)的影響影響圖1~3示出了油樣傾點(diǎn)隨甲醇、甲醛和甲酸質(zhì)圖4~6示出了油樣凝點(diǎn)隨甲醇、甲醛和甲酸質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的變化曲線。可以看出,加入醇、醛、酸后對(duì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的變化曲線?？梢钥闯?甲醇汽油及其模擬燃汽油機(jī)油的傾點(diǎn)無(wú)明顯的影響。這是由于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油是燒產(chǎn)物對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油的凝點(diǎn)雖有影響,但影響較小,這由多種烴類組成的復(fù)雜混合物,每一種烴都有它自己是由于凝點(diǎn)和傾點(diǎn)的原理相同,每一種烴均有特定的的傾點(diǎn),因此這也就決定了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油的傾點(diǎn)。而加凝點(diǎn),而加入醇、醛、酸等物質(zhì)后不會(huì)和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油中入醇、醛、酸等物質(zhì)后不會(huì)和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油中的烴類化合的烴類化合物發(fā)生反應(yīng)而影響到烴類的凝點(diǎn)。2011年第1期尹興林等:甲醇汽油對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油低溫性能的影響87一第1組油樣能與汽油機(jī)油中的部分添加劑發(fā)生反應(yīng),從而使發(fā)動(dòng)第2組油樣第3組油樣機(jī)油的低溫動(dòng)力黏度增大了。總體來(lái)講,甲醇及其?！涞?組油樣擬燃燒產(chǎn)物增大了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油的低溫動(dòng)力黏度。153045607590aEe第1組油樣第2組油樣圖4油樣的凝點(diǎn)隨甲醇質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的變化曲線第3細(xì)油樣Fig 4 Variation of solidification point of oil第4組油樣samples with methanol mass fraction圖7油樣低溫動(dòng)力黏度隨甲醇質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的變化曲線Fig7 Variation of low temperature dynamic viscosityof oil samples with methanol mass fraction圖5第5組油樣凝點(diǎn)隨甲醛溶液質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的變化曲線sample with formaldehyde°.40.81216ass fraction of formaldehyde/%18第5組油樣低溫動(dòng)力黏度隨甲醛溶液質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的變化曲線Fig 8 Variation of low temperature dynamic viscosity ofMass fraction of formic acid/%圖6第6組油樣凝點(diǎn)隨甲酸溶液質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的變化曲線Fig 6 Variation of solidification point of Group 6sample with formic acid mass fractionMass fraction of formic acid/%圖9第6組油樣低溫動(dòng)力黏度隨甲酸質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的變化曲線2.3甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油低溫動(dòng)Fig 9 Variation of low temperature dynamic viscosity of力黏度的影響圖7~9示出了油樣低溫動(dòng)力黏度隨甲醇、甲醛和甲酸質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的變化曲線。從圖7可看出,隨著甲3結(jié)論醇質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的增加低溫黏度有增大的趨勢(shì);從圖8可(1)甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油的以看出,加入甲醛的油樣對(duì)低溫動(dòng)力黏度的影響不傾點(diǎn)、凝點(diǎn)有一定的負(fù)面影響,但影響較小。大,這是因?yàn)榧兹┏叵率菤怏w,加入發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油中(2)甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油的后,很容易揮發(fā)出去;從圖9可以看出,加入甲酸溶低溫動(dòng)力黏度增大,對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油的低溫啟動(dòng)性能有負(fù)液后油樣的低溫動(dòng)力黏度增大,且在甲酸質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)在面影響。0.8%-1.2%之間時(shí)低溫動(dòng)力黏度值比較大,但整體(3)總體看來(lái),甲醇汽油及其模擬燃燒產(chǎn)物對(duì)變化趨勢(shì)平緩。這是由于加入的甲醇、甲酸等物質(zhì)可發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油低溫性能的影響不大。(下轉(zhuǎn)第116頁(yè)116潤(rùn)滑與密封第36卷副的動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)和磨損機(jī)制,達(dá)到減少磨損的目的?！?】林子光蔡軍,王恩鴻高溫線接觸條件下表面抗磨損性能參考文獻(xiàn)的試驗(yàn)研究[].潤(rùn)滑與密封,200,25(1):43-44【】嚴(yán)新平,謝友柏,李曉峰,等.一種柴油機(jī)磨損的預(yù)測(cè)模型與13】范春起張英才張厚君等缸套激光淬火的網(wǎng)格效應(yīng)試驗(yàn)研究[J摩擦學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),1996,16(4):358-366[].河北工業(yè)科技,199,16(1):5-8.【2】 Toms L A. 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