第37卷第6期水處理技術(shù)Vol37 No 6822011年6月TECHNOLOGY OF WATER TREATMENTJun 2011生物活性炭深度處理循環(huán)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖廢水研究黃曉婷μ,陳兵2,劉偉,錢宇佳3(1華南理工大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院,廣東廣州5100062工業(yè)聚集區(qū)污染控制與生態(tài)修復(fù)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,廣東廣州5100063中山大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院,廣東廣州510006)摘要:以經(jīng)過臭氧氧化消毒→機(jī)械過濾→生物過濾的養(yǎng)魚廢水為原水,研究了生物活性炭對(duì)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖廢水中氨氮亞硝態(tài)氮和COD深度處理的效果,并與活性炭吸附處理進(jìn)行了對(duì)比研究.結(jié)果表明,在濾速14m·h、進(jìn)水水溫233~30.3℃,pH為735~806、溶解氧質(zhì)量濃度為60~8lmg·L、氨氮質(zhì)量濃度0.204~0.984mg·L、亞硝態(tài)氮質(zhì)量濃度0.090~1003mg;L、COD為1344~-2680mgL4的條件下,生物活性炭對(duì)氡氮、亞硝酸鹽氮和COD的平均去除率分別達(dá)到855%90.1%和43.8%。經(jīng)生物活性炭處理后,出水氣氮和亞硝態(tài)氮濃度均達(dá)到了花鰻養(yǎng)殖對(duì)水質(zhì)的要求,達(dá)標(biāo)率分別為100%和97.6%可以循環(huán)回用;在濾速14mh,低進(jìn)水氯氦、亞硝態(tài)氮濃度下,活性炭吸附對(duì)氛氮和亞硝酸鹽氮幾乎沒有去除作用,但對(duì)COD的吸附去除率高達(dá)52.3%關(guān)鑣詞:生物活性炭;水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖廢水;氨氮;亞硝酸鹽氪中圖分類號(hào):X714文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章綸號(hào):10003770(2011)060082-004水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖廢水主要含氨氮、亞硝酸鹽氮、有機(jī)還對(duì)比研究了活性炭(GAC)吸附處理效果。原物質(zhì)和魚殘等污染物,具有水量大的特點(diǎn),若不經(jīng)1試驗(yàn)部分過處理直接排放到壞境水體中,會(huì)造成極大的環(huán)境污染反過來也限制水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的發(fā)展目前有關(guān)養(yǎng)殖廢11試驗(yàn)裝置水處理的技術(shù)主要有機(jī)械濾器、重力分離、化學(xué)濾器、GAC與BAC反應(yīng)器為有機(jī)玻璃柱子,工藝尺寸生物濾器、脫氮濾器和植物濾器叩。循環(huán)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖系統(tǒng)為內(nèi)徑80mm,總高1600m,底部為30m的(RAS)是近年來發(fā)展形成的現(xiàn)代工廠化水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖技承托層,炭層填料選用粒徑為14~33mm的破碎術(shù),其技術(shù)核心是循環(huán)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖水處理技術(shù)。目前許椰殼活性炭,充填高度為1200mm。試驗(yàn)裝置示意多研究采用物理過濾+化學(xué)氧化消毒生物過濾復(fù)合工圖見圖1藝處理循環(huán)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖水,化學(xué)氧化消毒是RAS的必出水口須環(huán)節(jié),包括臭氧氧化消毒、紫外光-氯聯(lián)用消毒*習(xí)等。然而,由于養(yǎng)花鰻用水對(duì)氨氮和亞硝酸鹽氮要求比較高,NHN含量≤02mgL、NO2N含量≤0.05取樣口mgL憫,單級(jí)生物處理難以達(dá)到用水要求。在循環(huán)回用系統(tǒng)中,生物處理被認(rèn)為是一種有效地將氨轉(zhuǎn)化為硝酸鹽氮的方法,例如活性污泥法明SBR、濕地等。生物活性炭濾池被證明是能同時(shí)去除可承托層降解有機(jī)物和氨氮的有效工藝1。本試驗(yàn)以經(jīng)臭氧氧化消毒→機(jī)械過濾→生物過濾處理的出水為原水,研究生物活性炭(BAC)的深度處理效果,同時(shí)圖1試驗(yàn)裝置T"V凵中國煤化工期:20110224CNMHG目:廣東省自然科學(xué)基金團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目(935106410100001作者簡介:黃曉婷(1985-),女,碩士研究生,研究方向?yàn)樗幚砑夹g(shù);聯(lián)系電話:15914304268: E-mailt diyeqianxunhxt@163co黃曉婷等,生物活性炭深度處理循環(huán)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖廢水研究12試驗(yàn)方法0.010~0058mgL,平均值為0.028mgL,說明試驗(yàn)在BAC掛膜成熟后運(yùn)行,試驗(yàn)用水為經(jīng)過BAC濾柱有較好的抗氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮負(fù)荷沖擊能臭氧氧化消毒→機(jī)械過濾→生物過濾處理的養(yǎng)花鰻力。BAC濾柱對(duì)氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮的去除率分別為廢水,其水質(zhì)見表1,進(jìn)水采用上升流方式。進(jìn)水水678%~984%和589%~98.3%;出水氨氮、亞硝態(tài)溫233~30.3℃H為735~806、溶解氧質(zhì)量濃氮質(zhì)量濃度基本達(dá)到花鰻用水水質(zhì)要求,達(dá)標(biāo)率分度為60~8mgL,濾速14mh,炭柱不曝氣。反沖別為100%976%,可以循環(huán)回用。在高濾速14mh洗采用氣水聯(lián)合反沖洗方式,氣沖強(qiáng)度為8Lsm3,下,BAC濾柱對(duì)氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮的平均去除效率分水沖強(qiáng)度為12Lsm2,氣沖歷時(shí)3mn,水沖歷時(shí)別為855%和90.1%,說明BAC濾柱中附著生長的7min,反沖洗周期為24hpH和Do分別用pHS25硝化細(xì)菌數(shù)量較多,處理能力強(qiáng)。BAC濾柱內(nèi)部不型pH儀和DO550氧氣及溶氧儀測(cè)定氨氮和亞硝曝氣,這是因?yàn)?根據(jù)生物硝化作用的化學(xué)計(jì)量關(guān)系態(tài)氮采用 Dataline Photometer(aquaspex australia)儀式,計(jì)算出硝化作用的耗氧量為432g"g1(O2器測(cè)定,其它均用國標(biāo)法測(cè)定NHN)和1.14gg1(O2NO2-N)。BAC濾柱的進(jìn)表1試驗(yàn)期間BAC進(jìn)水水質(zhì)水氨氮和亞硝酸鹽氮最大值分別為0984mgL4和1.003mg“L,根據(jù)計(jì)量式可以計(jì)算出BAC內(nèi)硝化范圍0204-09k400101343680細(xì)菌的最大耗氧量為539mg“L所以在進(jìn)水溶解平均值0360氧質(zhì)量濃度為60~81mgL條件下,無需曝氣。2結(jié)果與討論22BAC對(duì)COD的處理效果BAC濾柱對(duì)COD的處理效果見圖4。由圖21BAC的硝化效果可知,在濾速14mh、進(jìn)水COD為1344~26.80試驗(yàn)中BAC濾柱對(duì)氨氮、亞硝酸鹽氮的去除效mgL下,出水COD為558~1518mgL,出水果見圖2圖3。由圖2圖3可知在進(jìn)水氨氮質(zhì)量CoD平均為1070mgL,BAC濾柱對(duì)COD的去濃度0204~0.984mgL、亞硝態(tài)氮質(zhì)量濃度除率為27.2%~61.8%,平均去除率為438%圖4顯0090~1003mg“L,水質(zhì)波動(dòng)比較大的情況下,示,在試驗(yàn)運(yùn)行42d的時(shí)間里BAC濾柱對(duì)CoD的BAC濾柱出水氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮質(zhì)量濃度都比較穩(wěn)去除率并沒有因運(yùn)行時(shí)間的增加而降低,所以BAC定,出水氨氮質(zhì)量濃度為0010.106mgL,平均濾柱對(duì)CoD的去除作用主要是由于生物氧化作用。值為0.056mgL出水亞硝態(tài)氮質(zhì)量濃度為一進(jìn):rN~個(gè)2oL.MA310運(yùn)行時(shí)簡30340“5圖4進(jìn)出水COD及BAC對(duì)其去除率的變化圖2進(jìn)出水氨氮及BAC對(duì)其去除率的變化Fig 4 Variation of concentration and removal of CoDFig 2 Variation of concentration and removal of ammonium23BAC與GAc的對(duì)比研究結(jié)果對(duì)BAC和GAC做了7組試驗(yàn),運(yùn)行條件為:濾速14mh,進(jìn)水溫度243~281℃,DO為68去除率81mgL,pH為733~8.21,進(jìn)水氨氮質(zhì)量濃度0.207~0731mgL、亞硝態(tài)氮質(zhì)量濃度0.1390764mgL下,COD為1606~2576mg“L23.1中國煤化工圖3進(jìn)出水亞硝態(tài)氨及BAC對(duì)其去除率的變化CNMH(氮的處理效果見Fig3 Variation of concentration and removal of nitrite圖5圖6由圖5、圖6可知,BAC對(duì)氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮水處理技術(shù)第37卷第6期的去除率高達(dá)81.1%~897%和88:7%~970%,平處理中能同時(shí)去除含氮化合物、COD和懸浮顆粒物均去除率分別為855%和934%;GAC吸附除氨氮、等,且停留時(shí)間短,日處理能力強(qiáng),本試驗(yàn)用BAC濾亞硝酸鹽氮的效率很低,平均去除率分別只有柱的口處理能力可達(dá)1688L·d,可以與其它物理4.1%、30%,這和黃曉東研究的結(jié)果11.6%、14.8%化學(xué)技術(shù)結(jié)合用于循環(huán)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖水處理系統(tǒng)中。有較大的出入,其原因可能是本試驗(yàn)的進(jìn)水氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮質(zhì)量濃度很低,GAC濾柱的濾速比較大,且3結(jié)論養(yǎng)殖廢水中的COD與之存在吸附競爭。BAC對(duì)氨在進(jìn)水氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮質(zhì)量濃度波動(dòng)較大的條氮的去除效果比GAC高20倍,顯示了生物處理氨件下,BAC濾柱出水氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮值都比較穩(wěn)定,氮的優(yōu)越性。且出水氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮濃度基本上達(dá)到了花鰻用水水質(zhì)要求,水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)率分別為100%和976%,BAC表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的抗氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮負(fù)荷沖擊能力在較高的濾速14mh1下,BAC濾柱對(duì)氨氮和0.5亞硝態(tài)氮的平均去除率分別達(dá)855%90.1%,說明E活性炭易于附著生長微生物,BAC濾柱中附著生長BAC去除的硝化細(xì)菌數(shù)量較多BAC濾柱進(jìn)行期間,BAC對(duì)COD的去除效率試驗(yàn)編號(hào)并沒有隨運(yùn)行時(shí)間的增加而下降,表明BAC濾柱上圖5BAC與GAC對(duì)氨氮的去除效率Fig 5 Removal of ammonium by BAC and GAC附著生長了好氧菌群,COD主要由生物氧化去除其平均去除率為43.8%。在濾速14m·h3,低進(jìn)水氨氮、亞硝酸鹽氮質(zhì)量濃度下,BAC對(duì)氨氮和亞硝酸鹽氮的去除率是活性炭吸附去除率的20多倍。表明生物處理是一種有效地將氨轉(zhuǎn)化為硝酸鹽氮的方法。BAC去除系20GAc去陳事在濾速14mh,進(jìn)水COD為1606~2576mgL下,新炭吸附對(duì)COD的平均去除率為試驗(yàn)編號(hào)圖6BAC與GAC對(duì)亞硝態(tài)氮的去除效率523%,表明活性炭對(duì)養(yǎng)魚廢水的有機(jī)物具有很強(qiáng)trite by BAC and GAC的吸附能力。232COD的處理效果對(duì)比BAC和GAC對(duì)COD的去除率見圖7。由圖7參考文獻(xiàn):可知,新炭吸附對(duì)COD的平均去除率為52.3%,大叫 Wheaten F w.水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖工程M中國水產(chǎn)科學(xué)研究院東海水產(chǎn)于BAC的去除率41.9%,表明了活性炭對(duì)養(yǎng)殖廢水研究所和北京自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)工程設(shè)計(jì)院譯北京農(nóng)業(yè)出版社,198的COD有較強(qiáng)的吸附性能。[2] Simonel Sandu, Brian Brazil, Eric Hallerman Efficacy of a pilot-scale. Solids and carbonaceous compounds[J]. Aquacultural Engineering,200839:78-90.[3]郭恩彥譚洪新羅國芝等臭氧/生物活性炭深度處理循環(huán)養(yǎng)殖廢水[環(huán)境污染與防治,20031(10):6-9[4]梁詠梅劉超斌劉偉等紫外光氯聯(lián)用污水消毒削弱拖尾程度的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[門環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2010,30(4):762-767GAC出水BAC去除[S]梁詠梅劉超斌劉偉懸浮顆粒對(duì)污水氯消毒“拖尾”現(xiàn)象的影響[門環(huán)境科學(xué),2010,31(6):1470-147圖7BAC與GAC對(duì)COD的去除效率[6]黃東文孫娟花鰻的池塘養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)[門科學(xué)養(yǎng)魚,2010.81Fig 7 Removal of CoD by BAC and GAC活性炭價(jià)格便宜,BAC使用壽命長,濾柱占地TH中國煤化工 Logical treatment systemsJ].Aquaculture, 1996, 139CNMHG面積小,基建費(fèi)用低。BAC濾器用于水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖廢水黃曉婷等,生物活性炭深度處理循環(huán)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖廢水研究saline wastewater with high ammonia concentration in an activated [13] Kalkan Cigdem, Yapsakli Kozet, Mertoglu Bulent, et al. Evaluationshudge unit[]. Water Research, 2002,36: 2555-2560of biological activated carbon (BAc) process in wastewater[9] Campos J L Garrido-Fermindez JM, M6ndez re, et al. Nitrificationtreatment secondary effluent for reclamation purposes p]at high ammonia loading rates in an activated sludge unit IDesalination, 201 1(265): 266-273resource Technolog, 1999(68): 141-148.[14劉建廣,張曉健王占生溫度對(duì)活性炭濾池處理高氨氮原水硝化[IO] Boopathy R, Bonvillain C, Fontenot Q, et al. Biological treatment的影響中國環(huán)境科學(xué)200424(2)233236of low-salinity shrimp aquaculture wastewater using sequencing [15]Imai A, Iwami n, Matsushige K, et al. Removal of refractory organbatch reactor []. Intermational Biodeterioration& Biodegradation,2007(59):16-19tached activaed carbon fluidized bed process [] Water Research,[ll] Cassidy D P, Belia E. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from an1993,27(1):143-14abattoir wastewater in a SBR with aerobic granular sludge [J).water[6]鄭平徐向陽胡寶蘭新型生物脫氮理論與技術(shù)M]北京科學(xué)出Research2005(39)48174823版社,20044546[12] Lin Yingfeng, Jing Shuhren, Lee Deryuans et al. Nutrient remov[7黃曉東李德生吳為中等生物活性濾池的強(qiáng)化過濾研究門中from aquaculture wastewater using a constructed wetlands system國給水排水2001,17(8):10-13門 Aquaculture,2002(209):169-184STUDY ON TERTIARY TREATMENT OF CIRCULATING AQUACULTURE WASTEWATER BYBIOLOGICAL ACTTVATED CARBONHuang Xiaoting", Chen Bing", Liu Wei, Qian Yujia(1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China2. The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaAbstract: In this paper, wastewater collected from circulating aquaculture treated by ozone oxidation disinfection, mechanical filter and bio-filter, wataken as influents, the tertiary treatment of N -N, NO N and coD in influents by biological activated carbon(Bac) was studied. The active carboninvestigated. The results showed that under the condition of the filtration rate of 14 mh, water temperature of23.3-30.3 C, and the pH of 7.35-8.06, the initial concentrations of NH -N, NO N, COD and do in the influents of 0.204--0.984 mg L-, 0.0901.003 mg L', 13. 44-26.80 mg Land 6.0--8.1 mg L'respectively, the mean removal rates of NH-N, NO, -N and COd by BAC were 85.5%, 90.1%and 43.8% respectively. The concentrations of NI -N and NO - N in the effluents were suit for the eel to live, the standards rate were 100%and.6%respectively. Under the condition of iltration rate of 14 m.h. low initial concentrations of NH -N, NO-N, active carbon adsorption processing had feweffects on the treatment of NH-N and NO2-N, but the removal rates of Cod by active carbon adsorption was 52.3%.Keywords: biological activated carbon; aquaculture wastewater; ammonia; nitrite上接第81頁)STUDY ON MEMBRANE PRETREATMENT FOR SEAWATER REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM IN SHIPZou Shiyang, Zhang Jianping, Wu Junrong, Huang Fumin, Ding Binquan, Zhu Kangsheng(1. Naral Medica Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China: 2. The PLA NO 4812 Factory, Anging, 246016, China)Abstract The membrane pretreatment for seawater reverse osmosis system (SWRO) in ship was investigated by domestic polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) hollow fiber membrane in this paper. The experimental results showed that the membrane pretreatment could ensure filtrating water silt densityndex SDI between 1.9-2. 4, turbidity can be reduced to 0.4-0.8 NTU from the raw seawater turbidity reached 350-400 NTU, and flux between99.8--97.6 L. under the condition of membrane pretreatment 20 min, medicament and compressed air backwash 2 min, and filtrating waterbackwash 30 s, backwash water discharge 5, we could back purge with NaCIO and F中國煤化工 water backwash,, whichuld help the trans-membrane pressure (TMP)restore to 34-39 kPa. It showed 1CNMHperformance, steady inrformance, compact in frame, facilitated in operation, and met the correlative standaKeywords: seawater reverse osmosis; pretreatment; PVDF membrane; ship