第37卷第6期水處理技術Vol 37 No 6822011年6月TECHNOLOGY OF WATER TREATMENTJun 2011生物活性炭深度處理循環(huán)水產養(yǎng)殖廢水研究黃曉婷μ,陳兵μ2,劉偉3,錢宇佳3(1華南理工大學環(huán)境科學與工程學院,廣東廣州510006;2工業(yè)聚集區(qū)污染控制與生態(tài)修復教育部重點實驗室,廣東廣州51003中山大學環(huán)境科學與工程學院,廣東廣州510006摘要:以經過臭氧氧化消毒→機械過濾→生物過濾的養(yǎng)魚廢水為原水,研究了生物活性炭對水產養(yǎng)殖廢水中氨氮亞硝態(tài)氮和CoD深度處理的效果,并與活性炭吸附處理進行了對比研究.結果表明,在濾速14m·h、進水水溫23~30.3℃、pH為735~806、溶解氧質量濃度為60~8lmg·L氨氮質量濃度0.204~0984mgL、亞硝態(tài)氮質量濃度0090~1.003mg·L、COD為13.4~2680mg·L4的條件下,生物活性炭對氡氮、亞硝酸鹽氪和COD的平均去除率分別達到855%901%和438%。經生物活性炭處理后,出水氧氮和亞硝態(tài)氮濃度均達到了花鰻養(yǎng)殖對水質的要求,達標率分別為100%和976%,可以循環(huán)回用;在濾速14mh,低進水氧氦、亞硝態(tài)氮濃度下,活性炭吸附對氨氮和亞硝酸鹽氮凡乎沒有去除作用,但對COD的吸附去除率高達523%關鑣詞:生物活性炭;水產養(yǎng)殖廢水;氨氮;亞硝酸鹽氮中圖分類號:X714文獻標識碼:A文章編號:10037702011)06-0082004水產養(yǎng)殖廢水主要含氨氮、亞硝酸鹽氮、有機還對比研究了活性炭(GAC)吸附處理效果。原物質和魚殘等污染物,具有水量大的特點,若不經試驗部分過處理直接排放到環(huán)境水體中,會造成極大的環(huán)境污染反過來也限制水產養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的發(fā)展。目前有關養(yǎng)殖廢1.1試驗裝置水處理的技術主要有機械濾器、重力分離、化學濾器、GAC與BAC反應器為有機玻璃柱子,工藝尺寸生物濾器、脫氮濾器和植物濾器叩循環(huán)水產養(yǎng)殖系統為內徑80mm,總高1600m,底部為300mm的(RAS)是近年來發(fā)展形成的現代工廠化水產養(yǎng)殖技承托層,炭層填料選用粒徑為14-33m的破碎術其技術核心是循環(huán)水產養(yǎng)殖水處理技術。目前,許椰殼活性炭,充填高度為1200mm。試驗裝置示意多研究采用物理過濾+化學氧化消毒生物過濾復合工圖見圖1藝處理循環(huán)水產養(yǎng)殖水習,化學氧化消毒是RAS的必須環(huán)節(jié),包括臭氧氧化消毒、紫外光-氯聯用消毒*習等。然而,由于養(yǎng)花鰻用水對氨氮和亞硝酸鹽氮要求比較高NHN含量≤02mg、NO2N含量≤005取樣1電mgL單級生物處理難以達到用水要求。在循環(huán)回用系統中,生物處理被認為是一種有效地將氨轉化為硝酸鹽氮的方法m,例如活性污泥法SBR1濕地叫等。生物活性炭濾池被證明是能同時去除可好交承托層降解有機物和氨氮的有效工藝1。本試驗以經臭氧氧化消毒→機械過濾→生物過濾處理的出水為原水,研究生物活性炭(BAC)的深度處理效果,同時圖1試驗裝置收稿日期:20110224基金項目:廣東省自然科學基金團隊項目(935106410100001作者簡介:黃曉婷(1985-),女,碩士研究生研究方向為水處理技術聯系電話:15914304268: E-mail: diyeqianxunhxto@163黃曉婷等,生物活性炭深度處理循環(huán)水產養(yǎng)殖廢水研究12試驗方法0.010~0.058mgL,平均值為0.028mg"L,說明試驗在BAC掛膜成熟后運行,試驗用水為經過BAC濾柱有較好的抗氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮負荷沖擊能臭氧氧化消毒→機械過濾→生物過濾處理的養(yǎng)花鰻力。BAC濾柱對氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮的去除率分別為廢水,其水質見表1,進水采用上升流方式。進水水678%~984%和589%~983%;出水氨氮、亞硝態(tài)溫233~30.3℃pH為735~8.06、溶解氧質量濃氮質量濃度基本達到花鰻用水水質要求,達標率分度為60~8mgL,濾速14mh,炭柱不曝氣。反沖別為100%976%,可以循環(huán)回用。在高濾速14mvh洗采用氣水聯合反沖洗方式,氣沖強度為8Lsm2,下,BAC濾柱對氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮的平均去除效率分水沖強度為12Ls·m2,氣沖歷時3min,水沖歷時別為85.5%和901%,說明BAC濾柱中附著生長的7min,反沖洗周期為24hpH和DO分別用pHs25硝化細菌數量較多,處理能力強。BAC濾柱內部不型pH儀和DO5510氧氣及溶氧儀測定,氨氮和亞硝曝氣,這是因為根據生物硝化作用的化學計量關系態(tài)氮采用 Dataline Photometer( aquaspex australia)儀式",計算出硝化作用的耗氧量為432g“g(O器測定,其它均用國標法測定。NHN)和1.14g"g1(O2NO2N)。BAC濾柱的進表1試驗期間BAC進水水質水氨氮和亞硝酸鹽氮最大值分別為0.984mgL和數值 NH*-N)mg“L4p(NO-NmgL41.003mg“L,根據計量式可以計算出BAC內硝化國010901014-368細菌的最大耗氧量為539mg4所以在進水溶解04500.360氧質量濃度為60~81mg"L條件下,無需曝氣2結果與討論22BAC對COD的處理效果BAC濾柱對COD的處理效果見圖4。由圖421BAC的硝化效果可知,在濾速14m·h、進水COD為1344~26.80試驗中BAC濾柱對氨氮、亞硝酸鹽氮的去除效mgL下,出水COD為558~15.18mgL,出水果見圖2圖3。由圖2圖3可知在進水氨氮質量COD平均為1070mg·L,BAC濾柱對COD的去濃度0204-0984mg“L、亞硝態(tài)氮質量濃度除率為272%-618%,平均去除率為438%,圖4顯0.090~1.003mgL,水質波動比較大的情況下示,在試驗運行42d的時間里,BAC濾柱對COD的BAC濾柱出水氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮質量濃度都比較穩(wěn)去除率并沒有因運行時間的增加而降低,所以BAC定,出水氨氮質量濃度為0011~0.106mgL,平均濾柱對COD的去除作用主要是由于生物氧化作用。值為0056mgL,出水亞硝態(tài)氮質量濃度為005MA圖4進出水COD及BAC對其去除率的變化圖2進出水氨氮及BAC對其去除率的變化Fig 4 Variation of concentration and removal of cODFig 2 Variation of concentration and removal of ammonium23BAC與GAC的對比研究結果對BAC和GAC做了7組試驗,運行條件為-進水濾速14mh,進水溫度243~281℃,DO為6.8一去融率81mgL,pH為733~8.21,進水氨氮質量濃度0207~0731mgL、亞硝態(tài)氮質量濃度0.39~0764mgL下,COD為16.06~25.76mg"L23.1硝化效果對比圖3進出水亞硝態(tài)氮及BAC對其去除率的變化BAC和GAC對氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮的處理效果見Fig 3 variation of concentration and removal of nitrite圖5圖6。由圖5、圖6可知,BAC對氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮水處理技術第37卷第6期的去除率高達81.1%~897%和88.7%~97.0%,平處理中能同時去除含氮化合物、COD和懸浮顆粒物均去除率分別為855%和934%:GAC吸附除氨氮、等,且停留時間短,日處理能力強,本試驗用BAC濾亞硝酸鹽氮的效率很低,平均去除率分別只有柱的口處理能力可達16881·d,可以與其它物理4.1%、30%,這和黃曉東研究的結果116%、148%化學技術結合用于循環(huán)水產養(yǎng)殖水處理系統中有較大的出入,其原因可能是本試驗的進水氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮質量濃度很低,GAC濾柱的濾速比較大,且結論養(yǎng)殖廢水中的COD與之存在吸附競爭。BAC對氨在進水氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮質量濃度波動較大的條氮的去除效果比GAC高20倍,顯示了生物處理氨件下,BAC濾柱出水氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮值都比較穩(wěn)定,氮的優(yōu)越性且出水氨氮、亞硝態(tài)氮濃度基本上達到了花鰻用水水質要求,水質達標率分別為100%和976%,BAC表現出較強的抗氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮負荷沖擊能力在較高的濾速14mh1下,BAC濾柱對氨氮和亞硝態(tài)氮的平均去除率分別達855%、90.1%,說明"0活性炭易于附著生長微生物,BAC濾柱中附著生長BAC去牌案的硝化細菌數量較多BAC濾柱進行期間,BAC對COD的去除效率試驗編號并沒有隨運行時間的增加而下降,表明BAC濾柱上圖5BAC與GAC對氨氮的去除效率Fig 5 Removal of ammonium by BAC and GAC附著生長了好氧菌群,COD主要由生物氧化去除其平均去除率為43.8%在濾速14m·h3,低進水氨氮、亞硝酸鹽氮質量濃度下,BAC對氨氮和亞硝酸鹽氮的去除率是活性目05炭吸附去除率的20多倍。表明生物處理是一種有效0.3地將氨轉化為硝酸鹽氮的方法BAC去除GAC去限在濾速14mh,進水COD為1606~2576試驗mgL下,新炭吸附對COD的平均去除率為圖6BAC與GAC對亞硝態(tài)氮的去除效率523%,表明活性炭對養(yǎng)魚廢水的有機物具有很強Fig 6 Removal of nitrite by BAC and GAC的吸附能力。232COD的處理效果對比BAC和GAC對COD的去除率見圖7。由圖7參考文獻可知,新炭吸附對COD的平均去除率為523%大 Wheaten F w水產養(yǎng)殖工程M中國水產科學研究院東海水產于BAC的去除率41.9%,表明了活性炭對養(yǎng)殖廢水研究所和北京自動化系統工程設計院譯北京農業(yè)出版社1987的COD有較強的吸附性能。[2] Simonel Sandu, Brian Brazil, Eric Hallerman Efficacy of a pilot-scalewastewater treatment plant upon a commercial aquaculture effluent.Solids and carbonaceous compounds[J]. Aquacultural Engineering,200839:78-90.[3]郭恩彥譚洪新羅國芝等臭氧/生物活性炭深度處理循環(huán)養(yǎng)殖廢水[環(huán)境污染與4]梁詠梅劉超斌劉偉等紫外光氯聯用污水消毒削弱拖尾程度一原的實驗研究門環(huán)境科學學報2010,30(4):762-767BAC去除率[S]梁詠梅,劉超斌,劉偉懸浮顆粒對污水氯消毒“拖尾”現象的影響[門環(huán)境科學,2010.31(6):1470-1477試驗編圖7BAC與GAC對COD的去除效率6]黃東文孫娟花鰻的池塘養(yǎng)殖技術[]科學養(yǎng)魚,2010:8Fig 7 Removal of COD by BAC and GACfor integrated biological treatment systems活性炭價格便宜,BAC使用壽命長,濾柱占地in recirculating fish culture-a review [].Aquaculture, 1996, 139面積小,基建費用低。BAC濾器用于水產養(yǎng)殖廢水[8]黃曉婷等,生物活性炭深度處理循環(huán)水產養(yǎng)殖廢水研究saline wastewater with high ammonia concentration in an activated [13] Kalkan Cigdem, Yapsakli Kozet, Mertoglu Bulent, et al. Evaluationshudge unit[]. Water Research, 2002, 36: 2555-2560of biological activated carbon (Bac) process in wastewater[9] Campos J L Garrido-Fermindez J M, M6ndez r, et al. Nitrificationtreatment secondary effluent for reclamation purposes pat high ammonia loading rates in an activated sludge unit IDesalination,2011(265):266-273[14劉建廣張曉健王占生溫度對活性炭濾池處理高氨氮原水硝化[IO] Boopathy R, Bonvillain C, Fontenot Q, et al. Biological treatment的影響中國環(huán)境科學,2004,24(2)233-236of low-saliniky shrimp aquaculture wastewater using sequencing [15] Imai A, Iwami n, Matsushige K, et al. Removal of refractory organbatch reactor [] International Biodeterioration& Biodegradation,ics and nitrogen from langfill leachate by the microorganisma2007(59):16-19tached activaed carbon fluidized bed process []. Water Research,[Il] Cassidy D P, Belia E. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from an199327(1):143-145.abattoir wastewater in a SBR with aerobic granular sludge[J).Water[6】鄭平徐向陽胡寶蘭新型生物脫氮理論與技術M]北京科學出Research2005(39)48174823版社2004:4546[12] Lin Yingfeng, Jing Shuhrer, Lee Eryuan,etal. Nutrient removal[7]黃曉東李德生吳為中等.生物活性濾池的強化過濾研究[門中from aquaculture wastewater using a constructed wetlands system國給水排水,2001,17(8:10-13[ Aquaculture,2002(209):169-184STUDY ON TERTIARY TREATMENT OF CIRCULATING AQUACULTURE WASTEWATER BYBIOLOGICAL ACTTVATED CARBONHuang Xiaoting" Chen Bing" Liu Wei, Qian Yujia(1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China2. The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, china3. School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Sun Ya-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China)Abstract: hn this paper, wastewater collected from circulating aquaculture, treated by ozone oxidation disinfection, mechanical filter and bio-filter, wastaken as influents, the tertiary treatment of NH, - N, NO-N and CoD in influents by biological activated carbon(Bac)was studied. The active carbonadsorption processing was also investigated. The results showed that undcr the condition of the filtration rate of 14 m h, water temperature of23.3-30.3 C, and the pH of 7.35-8.06 the initial concentrations of NH -N, NO-N, COD and Do in the influents of 0. 204--0.984 mg L-,0.0901.003 mg L, 13. 44-26.80 mg L and 6.0--8.1 mg L respectively, the mean removal rates of NH -N, No, N and Cod by Bac were 85.5%, 90.1%nd 43.8%respectively. The concentrations of NI-N and NO, -N in the effluents were suit for the eel to live, the standards rate were 100% and976%respectively. Under the condition of iltration rate of 14 m-h. low initial concentrations of NH -N, NO -N, active carbon adsorption processing had fewffects on the treatment of NH, - N and NO2-N, but the removal rates of cod by active carbon adsorption was 52.3%.Keywords: biological activated carbon; aquaculture wastewater, ammonia; nitrite上接第81頁)STUDY ON MEMBRANE PRETREATMENT FOR SEAWATER REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEMIN SHIPZou Shiyang, Zhang Jianping, Wu Junrong, Huang Fumin!, Ding Binquan, Zhu Kangsheng'1. Nowad Medica Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China: 2. The PLA NO 4812 Factory, Anging, 246016, China)Abstract The membrane pretreatment for seawater reverse osmosis system(SWRO) in ship was investigated by domestic polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)hollow fiber membrane in this paper. The experimental results showed that the membrane pretreatment could ensure filtrating water silt densityindex SDI between 1.9-2.4, turbidity can be reduced to 0.4-0.8 NTU from the raw seawater turbidity reached 350-400 NTU, and flux between99.8-97.6 Lmim under the condition of membrane pretreatment 20 min, medicament and compressed air backwash 2 min, and filtrating waterbackwash 30 s, backwash water discharge 5s. we could back purge with NaCIO and Hydrochloric acid and assisted filtrating water backwash, whichcould help the trans-membrane pressure (TMP)restore to 34-39 kPa. It showed that the system had good anti-pollution performance, steady inperformance, compact in frame, facilitated in operation, and met the correlative standards requirements of ship equipment.Keywords: seawater reverse osmosis; pretreatment; PVDF membrane; ship