第32卷第3期煤炭轉(zhuǎn)化VoL 32 No. 32009年7月COAL CONVERSIONJul.2009IGCC系統(tǒng)中氣化爐特性研究王穎1)吳少華?)邱朋華3)李振中王陽(yáng)”龐克亮6)陳小利°陳雷6)摘要?dú)饣癄t是IGCC系統(tǒng)中的關(guān)鍵部件之一,與其他部件緊密相關(guān),基于整個(gè)IGCC系統(tǒng)研究氣化爐特性,首先利用 Thermoflex軟件對(duì)某200MW級(jí)lGCC示范工程建立系統(tǒng)模型,從系統(tǒng)的角度出發(fā),對(duì)不同氣化參數(shù)(水煤漿濃度、氣化壓力、氧煤比和碳轉(zhuǎn)化率)的IGCC系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行計(jì)算,并分析對(duì)氣化結(jié)果的影響.結(jié)果表明,水煤漿濃度和氧煤比對(duì)氣化結(jié)果的影響較大關(guān)鍵詞IGCC,氣化爐,氣化參數(shù),氣化結(jié)果,氣化特性中圖分類號(hào)TQ545,TM611.31作參數(shù)對(duì)氣化結(jié)果的影響;侯祥松等0分析了0引言Texaco氣化技術(shù)的特點(diǎn),建立了基于多個(gè)化學(xué)反應(yīng)平衡常數(shù)法的氣化模型;沈玲玲等采用 Aspen氣化爐是IGCC系統(tǒng)中最關(guān)鍵部件之一,其氣plus流程模擬軟件對(duì)某擬建的IGCC示范工程的德化參數(shù)不僅影響氣化結(jié)果本身,而且影響著整個(gè)土古氣化爐進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,并研究了煤氣化爐重要lGCC系統(tǒng).所以在IGCC系統(tǒng)中建立氣化爐模型并的操作參數(shù)對(duì)氣化結(jié)果的影響對(duì)合成氣成分預(yù)測(cè)是十分必要的.國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)此為了在IGCC系統(tǒng)中研究氣化爐特性,首先建進(jìn)行了大量研究,如Ni等建立新的氣流床氣化爐立帶有水煤漿氣化的整個(gè)200MW級(jí)lGCC系統(tǒng)模的模型和程序,探討了O/C和溫度及壓力對(duì)氣化成型,從系統(tǒng)角度出發(fā),對(duì)不同氣化參數(shù)的IGCC系統(tǒng)分及其冷煤氣效率的影響; Watkinson等2利用簡(jiǎn)分別進(jìn)行計(jì)算,通過(guò)計(jì)算分析對(duì)氣化結(jié)果的影響單平衡模型來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)氣化爐出口氣體成分;Wen等[3建立了氣流床氣化爐數(shù)學(xué)模型模擬分析氣化成分1IGCC系統(tǒng)模型的建立含量和碳轉(zhuǎn)化率隨爐高的變化及氣化成分隨氧煤比和汽煤比的變化;李政等采用“小室模型”的方法本IGCC系統(tǒng)采用煤制備成煤漿作為燃料,同建立了一個(gè)預(yù)測(cè) Texaco煤氣化爐性能的數(shù)學(xué)?？辗窒到y(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的高純度氧氣,經(jīng)氣化爐將其轉(zhuǎn)化為型; Zheng等利用 Aspen plus軟件對(duì)配置有高溫高壓粗合成氣,經(jīng)除塵和脫硫等凈化工藝,使之Shell,, Texaco,BGL和KRW四種氣化爐的IGCC成為潔凈的合成氣供給燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)燃燒做功,燃?xì)廨喯到y(tǒng)進(jìn)行了比較分析,研究了氣體成分及其氣化爐機(jī)排出的高溫?zé)煔饨?jīng)過(guò)余熱鍋爐加熱給水產(chǎn)生過(guò)熱選擇對(duì)整體特性的影響;張斌等基于 Aspen plus蒸汽,帶動(dòng)蒸汽輪機(jī)發(fā)電,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)煤氣化聯(lián)合發(fā)電軟件建立了噴流床氣化爐模型;蔣紹堅(jiān)等建立了過(guò)程.空分系統(tǒng)采用部分整體空分,燃機(jī)抽氣回送到種基于物料平衡、能量平衡和化學(xué)平衡分析的氣空分系統(tǒng),以解決燃機(jī)通流問(wèn)題.氣化爐出口粗合成化數(shù)學(xué)模型,并利用該模型進(jìn)行空氣氣化計(jì)算;周志氣具有較高溫度,采用輻射廢鍋和對(duì)流廢鍋流程回杰等基于化學(xué)平衡建立了氣流床干煤粉氣化數(shù)學(xué)收合成氣熱量,生成高溫高壓的飽和蒸汽回送到余模型,著重分析了氧煤比和汽煤比的影響;汪洋等熱鍋爐中凈化系統(tǒng)主要包括除塵脫硫和COS的利用 Aspen plus軟件,運(yùn)用Gbbs自由能最小化方脫除等環(huán)節(jié),為了達(dá)到凈化的最佳效果,并有效利用法建立了氣流床氣化爐模型,研究了氣化爐主要操余熱,凈化系統(tǒng)與三壓再熱式余熱鍋爐之間存在汽中國(guó)煤化工國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(973)項(xiàng)目(2004cB217600和國(guó)家高技術(shù)研CNMHG1)礦士生;2)教授博士生導(dǎo)師:3)副教授、碩土生導(dǎo)師;4)教授;5)高級(jí)工程嚴(yán),,L上x(chóng)入工程研究所,15001哈收稿日期:20090407修回日期:2009-05-09煤炭轉(zhuǎn)化2009年水交換,且在凈化不同環(huán)節(jié)中布置有換熱器有效利的減少,不利于水煤氣變換反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行,不利于H2用能量,以提高系統(tǒng)的效率.建立的IGCC系統(tǒng)模型的生成這兩種因素綜合作用,導(dǎo)致H2的絕對(duì)含量見(jiàn)圖1是增加的.水煤漿濃度的增加,甲烷生成反應(yīng)減弱,甲烷重整反應(yīng)的加強(qiáng),導(dǎo)致煤氣中CH4產(chǎn)量減少但是由于水煤漿濃度的增加,耗煤量減少,導(dǎo)致合成氣產(chǎn)量略有減少,所以CH4的相對(duì)含量呈上升趨勢(shì)合成氣的熱值由7870kJ/kg增加到9505kJ/kg2.2氣化壓力的影響氣化技術(shù)按照氣化爐操作壓力分為常壓氣化和圖1IGCC系統(tǒng)模型加壓氣化.由于加壓氣化具有生產(chǎn)強(qiáng)度高,對(duì)燃?xì)廨擣ig 1 Model of IGCC system配和后續(xù)化學(xué)加工有明顯的經(jīng)濟(jì)性等特點(diǎn),所以人們十分重視加壓氣化技術(shù)的開(kāi)發(fā)氣化壓力的提高,2結(jié)果與討論有利于體積縮小反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行,但若氣化壓力太高,送到燃機(jī)的燃?xì)庑枰獪p壓后進(jìn)入燃機(jī),勢(shì)必造成能量在lGCC系統(tǒng)中氣化爐主要?dú)饣瘏?shù)為水煤漿的浪費(fèi).水煤漿濃度不變,在氧煤比和汽煤比保持定濃度氣化壓力氧煤比和碳轉(zhuǎn)化率,它們的改變對(duì)值的條件下,碳轉(zhuǎn)化率為98%氣化壓力對(duì)氣化結(jié)氣化結(jié)果有很大的影響,進(jìn)而影響到氣化爐的性能果的影響見(jiàn)圖2.以至影響到整個(gè)系統(tǒng)2.1水煤漿濃度的影響水煤漿濃度是指固體煤的質(zhì)量濃度,它直接影響到水煤漿的著火性能和熱值在氣化溫度1310℃c氣化壓力36MPa,碳轉(zhuǎn)化率98%的條件下,水煤漿濃度變化的結(jié)果見(jiàn)表1.表1水煤漿濃度對(duì)氣化結(jié)果的影響Table 1 Effect of coal-water slurry concentration圖2氣化壓力對(duì)合成氣成分影響on gasification resultConcentration/%Ho COz CHeCO;▲—H2O—H2O;△-CO26036.6425.0225.3112.360.005由于溫度比較高,對(duì)整個(gè)煤氣化系統(tǒng)而言,氣化8422:41.0661壓力對(duì)煤氣化反應(yīng)幾乎沒(méi)有影響CO含量變化不42.4926.8619大,CO2略有升高,由9.404%增加到9.408%,H2O4.4327.4017.819.630.0118含量由13.56%增加到13.72%H2含量是下降的,Percent of volume由30.79%下降到30.54%有效氣含量也是下降由表1可以看出,水煤漿濃度對(duì)氣化結(jié)果的影的,這導(dǎo)致合成氣熱值的下降;隨著氣化壓力的提響較大水煤漿濃度由60%增加到68%時(shí),CO2含高,CH,生成量具有微量的提高,由0.278%增加到量由12.36%減少到9.63%,H2O的含量由0.386%因?yàn)镃H4具有較高的熱值,所以CH,含25.31%減少到17.81%,CO含量由36.64%增加量增加有利于合成氣熱值的提高.兩者共同作用的到4.33%,H12含量由25.02%增加27.40%,有效結(jié)果導(dǎo)致合成氣熱值略有下降,由1021kJ/kg下氣(CO+H2)的含量由61.66增加到7173%,CH降到10201k/kg的體積含量由原來(lái)的0.0052%增加到0.0118%.水煤漿濃度的增加也就是相對(duì)增加了含碳量減少了2.3中國(guó)煤化工CNMHG含水量.含碳量的增加有利于CO2還原反應(yīng)和水煤又是控制氣化爐氣氣反應(yīng)的發(fā)生,有利于CO和H2的生成;而含水量化過(guò)程反應(yīng)操作的主要條件之一實(shí)驗(yàn)采用的OC第3期王穎等IGCC系統(tǒng)中氣化爐特性研究摩爾比是氧氣和煤漿中的氧原子與煤中的碳原子的漿濃度不變,只考慮碳轉(zhuǎn)化率的影響,結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖4摩爾比值氣化壓力3.6MPa,碳轉(zhuǎn)化率為98%,水煤漿濃度不變,計(jì)算氧煤比的影響,結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖3.8圣0aa0合含圖4碳轉(zhuǎn)化率對(duì)合成氣成分影響o/cFig 4 Effects of carbon conversion on syngas volume contentCO;▲—H2;O—CO2★—H20△—CH圖3氧煤比對(duì)合成氣成分影響從圖4可以看出,隨著碳轉(zhuǎn)化率的提高,CO含F(xiàn)ig 3 Effects of O/C on syngas volume contentCO;▲—H2:★—H2O1O-CO2;△—CH4量是升高的,CO2含量是下降的,H2含量是增加氧煤比對(duì)氣化結(jié)果影響較大這是因?yàn)镺C的的,H2O含量是下降的,CH,含量增加較多,由提高一方面有利于燃燒反應(yīng)熱量的放出,有利于溫0.0213%增加到0.4984%可見(jiàn),碳轉(zhuǎn)化率的提高度的提高,CO2的還原反應(yīng)和水蒸氣分解反應(yīng)加不僅增加了合成氣中有效氣體(CO+H2)的含量強(qiáng),CO和H2含量增加;另一方面,直接燃燒導(dǎo)致而且大幅度地增加了合成氣中CH的含量進(jìn)而可CO和H2O的含量提高由圖3可以看出隨著O/C以有效地提高合成氣的熱值,由9314kJ/kg增加的增加,CO和H2先增加后減少,H1O含量是增加到10412k/kg的,CO2含量先減少后增加在O/C比為1.02時(shí),CO3結(jié)論含量最大為45.33%,CO2含量最小為9.314%,有1)水煤漿濃度對(duì)氣化結(jié)果有較大的影響,隨著效氣含量最大為75.51%,CH4含量下降較快,由水煤漿濃度的增加,有效氣(CO+H2)含量增加,合16.16%減少到近于0%由于CH,急劇減少導(dǎo)致成氣熱值也是增加的.合成氣的熱值由12550kJ/kg降低到5645kJ/kg2)氣化壓力對(duì)氣化結(jié)果的影響不大,但提高氣2.4碳轉(zhuǎn)化率的影響化壓力對(duì)氣化有利3)提高碳轉(zhuǎn)化率,有利于有效氣含量的增加,碳轉(zhuǎn)化率為工藝氣體中碳總量與入爐總碳量的合成氣熱值也是增加的比值對(duì)于碳轉(zhuǎn)化率而言,最大的影響因素是氧煤4)氧煤比對(duì)氣化結(jié)果的影響較大,有效氣含量比,而蒸汽煤比的影響較小,所以固定氧煤比和汽煤隨著氧煤比的增加先增加后減小,而合成氣的熱值比,氣化壓力為3.6MPa,氣化溫度1310℃,水煤是隨之而下降的參考文讞[1] Ni Qizhi, Williams A. A Simulation Study on the Performance of an Entrained-flow Coal Gasifier[J]. Fuel, 1995, 74(1): 102-110[2] Watkinson A P, Lucas J P, Lim J. A Prediction of Performance of Commercial Coal GasifiersCJ]. Fuel, 1991, 70: 519-522[3] Wen C Y, Chaung T Z Entrainment Coal Gasification Modeling[J]. Ind Eng Chem Process Dev, 1979, 18(4)1684-695.[4]李政,王天驕韓志明等. Texaco煤氣化爐數(shù)學(xué)模型研究—建模部分[門動(dòng)力工程,2001,21(4):1316-1319[5] Zheng Ligang, Rimsky E. Comparison of Shell, Texaco, BGL and KR W Gasifiers as Part of IGCC Plant Computer Simulations[J. Energy Conversion and Management, 2005(46)11767-1779.[6]張斌,李政,江寧等.基于 Aspen Plus建立噴流床煤氣化爐模型[J].化工學(xué)報(bào),2003,54(8):11791182.[7]蔣紹堅(jiān)趙顆,林竹等高溫空氣氣化數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立與分析[J][8]周志杰,于廣鎖龔欣等整體煤氣化燃?xì)庹羝?lián)合循環(huán)氣化單元中國(guó)煤化工[9]汪洋代正華,于廣鎖等.運(yùn)用Gbs自由能最小化方法模擬氣流床CNMHG7-33[I0]侯祥松陳勇劉艷霞等基于平衡常數(shù)法的 Texaco氣化模型[刀煤炭轉(zhuǎn)化,2004,27(3):49-52.1]沈玲玲,姜秀民,王輝等.IGCC示范工程煤氣化爐的數(shù)值模擬[刀]煤炭轉(zhuǎn)化,2009,32(1):14-19.(下轉(zhuǎn)第34頁(yè))409年P(guān)RECISION OF NEDOL METHOD FOR CALCULATING COALLIQUEFACTION OIL NARROW BOILING RANGEFRACTIONS MOLECULAR WEIGHTSWu Yan Shi Shidong and Wang WeiChina Coal Research Institute, Beijing Coal Chemistry Institute, 100013 Beijing)ABSTRaCt In order to meet the needs of the rapid industrialization of direct coal liqueftion project, the calculation method for molecular weights of direct coal liquefaction oil narrowboiling range fractions were studied based on the comparison of a great deal of experimental sol-vent samples and their molecular weights. In comparison with the results of freezing point de-press method, the precision for calculating the molecular weights of coal liquefaction oil by NEDOL method was investigated. For Shenhua oil, average error is-1. 7 between results of NEDOLmethod and freezing point depress method, For Shengli oil, average error is -1. 3. For Neimengoil, average error is -3. For Heishan oil, average error is.7. The calculation results byNEDOL method are close to that of freezing point depress method. NEDOL method can be usedto calculate molecular weights of direct coal liquefaction oil narrow boiling range fractions.KEY WORDS coal liquefaction oil, narrow boiling range fraction, NEDOL method, molecularweights, freezing point depress method(上接第25頁(yè))STUDY ON GASIFIER CHARACTERISTICS IN IGCC SYSTEMWang Ying Wu Shaohua Qiu Penghua Li Zhenzhong Wang YangPang Keliang Chen Xiaoli and chen lei(Combustion Engineering Institute, Harbin University of Technology, 150001 Harbin)ABSTRaCt The gasifier is one of the most important equipments in IGCC system, and itclosely related with the others, so the study of the gasifier characteristics is based on the wholeIGCC system. The system model of 200 Mw IGCc demonstration project was established usingThermoflex software firstly, from the view of the system, the IGCC systems with different gasfication parameters (coal-water slurry concentration, gasification pressure, O/C ratio and the car-bon conversion) were calculated, the effects on the gasification result were analyzed. It showsthat the coal-water slurry concentration and the o/c ratio have great effect on the gasification re-KEY WORDS IGCC, gasifier, gasification param中國(guó)煤化工sifier charac-CNMHG