t百家爭鳴論壇The Analysis of The Summary ofShakespeare’s Sonnets◆許睿西安文理學(xué)院外國語言文學(xué)系(陜西 西安710065)[Abstract ]Shakespeare' s sonnets are famous of its contentthe authority that the world should get, for inheriting yourand spirit, the purpose of this essay is just to help us .beauty is the world' s (human' s) authority! .know the theme, the organizat ion and the characters of theIn sonnet 2, the poet says to his beloved friend,“ifsonnets. .you could see your youth from your child when you are aged,[Key words] Shakespeare; sonnet; love; friendshipyou would feel that you are young again."' forty winters'(line I) refers to forty years old, in fact it is not veryI, the main theme of the sonnetsold, yet to the very young man this age worth vigilance well.The main theme of Shakespeare' s sonnets love andThe poet used' deep-sunken eyes' in line 7，because hefriendship. This focus pierce through the sonnets from thefriend was old at that time.beginning to the end. From his dealing with love and theSonnet 4 shares the same theme with the former ones.relation between love and friendship. lie thought thatThe poet used metaphor here. Many 1awful nouns are used herefriendship is as variable as love, even more valuable thanto explain the uneconomic of cel ibacy. Sonnet 5 repeats thelove.same theme. Its focus is the idea that is time isII. the organization of the sonnetsun-repeatedly and its strength whi ch can destroy everything.Every sonnet of the 154 sonnets exists independently.Time，just gives beauty to the beautiful thing once，thenEach sonnet is not a part of an organic whole with naturalthe time destroy it conversely. After the summer thatconnection. They are not narrative poems but lyrics, evensymbols the youth, comes the winter that symbols the senile.not the novel or the opera which has cont inuous affairs orSonnet 8 uses music to compare. He sugests his friend to1ogical plots, also they have not any complete story. Bumarry, he thinks that the family life after marriage shouldthey are not seemed to be a collection of some completelybe as harmonious as music. The charm of music cannot beisolated separate poems which have nothing to do with eachachieved by one string.other. By circling one or more kernel, they accomplish oneIn sonnet 9, He worries about that the sobbing of histheme together, and develop and express emotions about it.widow would destroy the harmonious after his death. But lieThough without a coherent story， all the sonnets arethink that celibacy is a larger loss to the world. Inconnected to form a whole by an ascertainable clue whichsonnet10, The poet dose not admit that his beloved friendappears now and then. This clue is not straight, it islove others,' Seeking that beautcous roof to ruin ate" meanscircui tous, crooked, flickering, even it is reversed frontthe young man seeks to destroy his beloved bodyand back or inverted. This clue mainly is the change and(conventionally the house of the soul) by refusing tothe development of friendship and love.increase.1II. the main characters in the sonnetsA traditional explanation was formed since Malone' sson is grown-up, so that father' s virtue can be remained.time，that is dividing the 154 sonnets into 2 partsIt contents wisdom. Otherwise， stupidity makes peopleaccording to different characters, i. e. the first hundreddecayed. In sonnet 13， the poet uses' love' again. Irand twenty-sixth poems in Shakespeare' s book are apparentlyEnglish,' love' can be used to call a very closed maleaddressed to a beautiful young man. The rest from sonnetfriend.127 are addressed to a lady with browm eyes and skin whom“But were some child of yours alive that tune. Youwas called "Dark Lady" by critics.should live twice, in it and in my rhyme.”These are theIV. the analysis of sonnet 1 to sonnet 17last two lines of sonnet 17. Though the poem is eternal,In sonnetl, the poet says to his beloved fri end,it can express his ' heavenly touches' beauty entirely. The" Beautiful things would die when they are old, the beautymost perfect method is he marries and breeds children whilemust be inherited by descendants. It is just equals tothe poet wri tes rhyme.engage to your own beauty (here bright eyes" refers to yourFrom the above, we can see cl early that sonnet1-17 shareown beauty) while you refuse to marry or have you chi ldrenthe same theme, which is the poet suggests his belovedinherit your beauty. This, on one hand remains your beauty,friend to marry and breed children.yet on other hand just like to antagonize yourself. Because中國煤化工wekor that beaseyou refuse to compare with others, your beauty cannot bethmotion,the implicitspeeded to posterity. You are a niggard in name， yet aco:IYHC N M H Gs the modern people verywastrel in fact, please have consideration for the world,much.and marry，thus, your beauty can be speeded to the worldReferences:by your descendant. Otherwise, your action just destroys[1]John Kerriger. The Sonnets and a (下轉(zhuǎn)第40頁)41鵬百家爭雞論壇英語作品中雙關(guān)語的翻譯◆夏楠河南省新鄉(xiāng)學(xué)院(河南 新鄉(xiāng)453003)[摘要] 雙關(guān)語是英語作品中一種較為常見的修辭手段，可以“Sun, son” 和“air, heir" 形成兩組諧音雙關(guān)。在翻譯產(chǎn)生幽默，詼諧，諷刺的語言效果，使語言變得更加的生動，活中，譯者充分傳達(dá)了原文的意思，雖然修辭形式無法再現(xiàn)，但如潑。所以這種修辭方式大量的出現(xiàn)在英美文學(xué)作品中。因?yàn)殡p關(guān)依照奈達(dá)“翻譯即譯意”的觀點(diǎn)來看，依然可以說它做到了“可語一-語雙關(guān)，含有隱含意思的特點(diǎn)，想要準(zhǔn)確的翻譯出作者的原譯"。意和句式效果是不容易的.本文旨在從雙關(guān)語的理解來探討對其Learn some craft when young, that when old you may live的翻譯方法。wi thout craft. 趁年輕時(shí)學(xué)-點(diǎn)手藝，以便在年老時(shí)可不靠行騙[關(guān)鍵詞]雙關(guān)語;英美文學(xué);翻譯為生。此句是語義雙關(guān)，“craft" 一詞出現(xiàn)兩次。第一個(gè)表示“手雙關(guān)語為各國語言中共有的修辭格。英語雙關(guān)語pun, 也叫藝"，第二個(gè)意思是“騙術(shù)"。paronomasia或play on words ，它巧妙地利用詞的誥音、詞的3.分譯多義或歧義等,使語言表達(dá)出含蓄曲折、風(fēng)趣幽默,引起讀者的聯(lián)分譯是指將英語雙關(guān)的一- 明-暗兩層意思同時(shí)表達(dá)出來。想。對于雙關(guān)語的恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用,能夠使語言生動有趣。或借題發(fā)揮，Trust us. 0ver 5000 ears of experience.旁敲側(cè)擊,或指桑罵槐,冷嘲熱諷,收到由此及彼,由表及里的效相信我們吧。歷經(jīng)5000多只耳朵的檢驗(yàn)，有著5000多年果。因此,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在英美文學(xué)作品中含有大量的雙關(guān)語。狄更的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。斯、王爾德、蕭伯納以及馬克●吐溫等都是運(yùn)用雙關(guān)語的行家。這是一則助聽器推銷廣告。從字面看，它說明了該產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)英國文壇泰斗莎士比亞更是喜好和擅用雙關(guān)語的大師。受了眾多消費(fèi)者的考驗(yàn)，但字里行間巧妙地嵌入了一-對諧音字鑒于雙關(guān)語在英美作品中大量的使用，對雙關(guān)語的準(zhǔn)確翻譯ears - years. 譯文揭示了原意一 產(chǎn)品歷史悠久，質(zhì)量久經(jīng)就是譯者的必須學(xué)習(xí)的一項(xiàng)能力。由于雙關(guān)這種修辭是有意借用考驗(yàn)。-個(gè)詞語或句子同時(shí)關(guān)涉兩個(gè)事物，包含兩種意思,表面- -層意4.加注法思,實(shí)際上隱含另外-層意思并且以隱含意思為主,以達(dá)到言在加注法就是先譯出雙關(guān)語的-層意思，再輔以夾注或腳注來此而意在彼,制造出幽默、影射、傳達(dá)復(fù)雜思想等效果。所以要補(bǔ)全信息，揭示雙關(guān)的深層含義。在翻譯中反映這些效果,就必須將原文的雙關(guān)修辭準(zhǔn)確地再現(xiàn)在一一The professor rapped on his desk and譯文中。但是,我們在實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)，雙關(guān)語的翻譯仍然是個(gè)具有shouted,‘ Gentlemen, order!"爭議性的話題-The entire class yelled“: Beer'很多學(xué)著和翻譯工作者都認(rèn)為:由于雙關(guān)語的修辭特點(diǎn),雙-教授敲著桌子,喊道“:小伙子們,要喝(吆喝>什么?”關(guān)語是往往是無法譯的。筆者認(rèn)為,在面對類似于“難譯”現(xiàn)象，一全班齊聲叫到“:啤酒!"譯者應(yīng)努力變“難譯”為“可譯”。經(jīng)過筆者對大量譯例的分析這段對話的有趣之處在于order的一詞多義。它可以指“遵和歸納，覺得以下幾種方法能使看似“不可譯”的雙關(guān)語變得“可守秩序”或是“點(diǎn)菜"。教授告訴大家要遵守秩序，安靜下來，學(xué)生心知肚明，但是故意曲解他的意思。在譯入語中加上教授本1.直譯意的解釋性注釋，讀者一目了然。翻譯之后仍保留原文雙關(guān)之意，這是最理想的一-種譯法。結(jié)論It' sa long, long way to Siberia and a long, long wait雙關(guān)語通常被認(rèn)為是不可譯的,但上述五種方法能較好地傳at Moscow Airport.達(dá)原文意思或雙關(guān)效果。當(dāng)然，在很多情況下采取了變通手法，去西伯利亞的路，千里迢迢:在莫斯科機(jī)場候機(jī),遇過無期。即當(dāng)譯文難以直接傳達(dá)原文在音、形、義、修辭等方面的特質(zhì)時(shí)，原句中,way和wait是諧音雙關(guān).Long, long way和long,充分發(fā)揮譯入語的優(yōu)勢，能變則變，能換則換，從而傳達(dá)原文的longwait 分別用“迢迢”，“遙遙”疊字，再現(xiàn)原文雙關(guān)語所負(fù)諧趣和語言功能。由此可見，不可譯是變化的和動態(tài)的，只要譯載的詞義。者能不懈努力，不可譯也能轉(zhuǎn)化為可譯。2.意譯參考文獻(xiàn):這種譯法雖舍棄了原文的雙關(guān)修辭手法，但完整保留了原句[1]陳望道.修辭學(xué)發(fā)凡。上海: 上海教育出版社, 1979.信息[2]李國南，雙關(guān)語翻譯初探.現(xiàn)代外語, 1979, 39 (4): 60More sun and air for your son and heir.這里充足的陽光，清新的空氣，- -切為了您的子孫后代。(上接第41頁)Lover' s complaint [M]. England: Viking PenguinMifflin CompanyInca 19862.[3] 屠岸.莎士比亞十四行詩集[M][2]The Riverside Shakespeare[M]. Bos ton: Houghton中國煤化工TYHCNMHG鐘)>40