第3卷第2期安全環(huán)境孿帳Vol. 3. No. 22003年4月Journal of Safety and EnvironmenApr,2003文章編號(hào):1009-6094(2003)02-0069-02空分塔爆炸事故樹分析宋元寧,王新,趙亦農(nóng),趙艷玲(遼寧省安全科學(xué)研究院,沈陽110004)本文運(yùn)用事故樹分析(FTA),根據(jù)大量事故案例和導(dǎo)致空分塔爆炸的條件,以空分塔爆炸事故為頂上事件,采用布爾代數(shù)運(yùn)算法則求解得到18個(gè)最小割集,然后經(jīng)過運(yùn)算,得到結(jié)構(gòu)重要順序。為了避免空分塔爆炸事故的發(fā)生,空分塔有良好的靜電接地和防止空分塔內(nèi)乙炔超量是非常重要的。該事故樹分析為空分塔的安全生產(chǎn)提供了重要的依據(jù)。關(guān)鍵詞:安全學(xué);空分塔;爆炸;事故樹分析中圖分類號(hào):X913.4文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:Ax1X2X3+X1X2X4+X1X2X5+X6+X2+X8+X3+X10+引言X1X3X1a+X1X4X16+X12X13X1+X12X1X1+X15X16+空氣分離裝置是冶金、化工、機(jī)械加工等行業(yè)必不可少的XXX1+X1X1x1n+X12X13X1+X12X1X1+X1sX1氧氣、氮?dú)狻鍤獾燃儍魵怏w的制備裝置。但是,空分裝置的生產(chǎn)中存在著很多安全隱患,空分塔爆炸事故就是最嚴(yán)重的安全隱患之一口。本文就空分塔爆炸事故樹進(jìn)行了分析空分塔爆炸事故樹圖根據(jù)遼寧省撫順市某空分廠提供的資料,分析了國內(nèi)外部分空分塔爆炸案例,結(jié)合該空分廠的實(shí)際情況,概括出導(dǎo)致空⑧⑧⑧④④⑧分塔爆炸事故(T)的因素如下1)空分塔外火災(zāi)爆炸影響(E1);空分塔自身原因引起爆炸(E2);火源(E3);物理爆炸(E1);化學(xué)爆炸(E);塔內(nèi)超壓(Es);碳?xì)浠衔镌诒O限范圍內(nèi)(E-);超過最低引燃溫度E8);乙炔和其他氣態(tài)烴類(E);分子篩吸附器失效(E1。);取原料空氣嚴(yán)重污染(E1)。2)有可燃物質(zhì)存在(X1);氧氣泄漏,空氣中氧含量過高(X2);靜電火花(X3);合閘火花(X1);違章動(dòng)用明火(X);腐蝕圖1空分塔爆炸事故樹圖(X6);璧厚小于最小壁厚(X1);塔身裂紋(X);壓力表失靈(X);輸出管路阻塞(X1);分子篩吸附過飽和(X1);分子篩吸附能力太差(X2);離石油化工廠太近(X13);有其它氣體污染源(X1);潤(rùn)滑油超量(X1);靜電放電(X1);固態(tài)乙炔分解釋放該事故樹共有17個(gè)基本事件,得到18個(gè)最小割集熱量(低溫下固態(tài)乙炔分解成為碳和氫,放熱量為8.36×10"J/P1=(X6);P2=(X2);P3=(X8);P4=(X9);P=(X10);kg)2(X1)P=(X1X16);P=(X1X1);P8=(X1X2X3);P=(X1X2X4)倒樹型結(jié)構(gòu)空分塔爆炸事故樹圖如圖1所示P1=(X1X2X3);P1=(X1X13X16);P12=(X11X1X1);P132求最小割集(X12X13X16);P1=(X12X1X16);P1s=(X1X1X1);P16=(X如果頂上事件T發(fā)生,根據(jù)布爾代數(shù)運(yùn)算法則求解得到1);11=(Xx1X1);P18=(X1 XIXI)T=E1+E2=X1X2E3+E4+E53結(jié)構(gòu)重要度分析X1X2(X3+X4+X)+(X6+X7+X8+E)+E7E8X1X2(X3+X+X3)+(X6+X2+X8+X9+X10)+根據(jù)18個(gè)二元、三元最小割集各自出現(xiàn)的頻率不(E+X15)(X16+X17)=同,由近似判斷法得出各基本事件的結(jié)構(gòu)重要度順序?yàn)?l4(1)X1X2X3+X1X2X4+X1X2X+X6+X2+X8+X9+X10+l(2);l(3)=l(4)=ls(5);4(6)=la(7)=l(8)=l(9)(X1+X12)(X13+X14)+X15}(X1+X17)=1(10);ls(11)=l(12)=ls(13)=l(14);l(16)=l(17)。X1X2X3+X1X2X4+X1X2X5+X8+X7+X8+X9+X10+因此,只要判定l(1),l(3),I(6),l(9),l(15),l4(16)大小X1X13+X1X14+X12X13+X12X14+X13}(X1+X17)=即可。史仝環(huán)境艱第3卷第2期根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)重要系數(shù)計(jì)算公式可以得出塔有良好的靜電接地和防止空分塔內(nèi)乙炔超量是非常重要的l(1)另外,保證其他事件的正常運(yùn)作也是很重要的References(參考文獻(xiàn))I(3)1a(6)=[1] Ma Dafang(馬大方). Safety Production and Using o/ Oxygenand related air(氧氣與相關(guān)氣體的安全生產(chǎn)及使用技術(shù))[M](11-2+2+2+2=z2=1Wuhan: Huazhong Science and Technology University PressI(15)=x+[2] Zhuang Shengliang(莊勝強(qiáng)) and Xue Yugen(薛裕根). safety12(16)=1+1x+-+1+1-1+4Technology in Producing Orygen(制氧安全技術(shù))[M]. BeijingChina environment science pr根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)重要系數(shù)計(jì)算,最終得到結(jié)構(gòu)重要順序?yàn)閇3] Shan Chunchang(閃淳昌). Guideline of Evaluation for Work(16)=I2(17)>I(6)=I4(7)=l(8)=l(9)Safety and Hygiene in Construction Project(建設(shè)項(xiàng)目(工程)勞l(10)=I(11)=I(12)=la(13)=l(14)=Is(15)>動(dòng)安全衛(wèi)生預(yù)評(píng)價(jià)指南)[M]. Dalian: Dalian maritim affairsUniversity Press. 1999結(jié)論由分析結(jié)果可知,為了避免空分塔爆炸事故的發(fā)生,空分FAULT TREE ANALYSIS METHOD FOR AIR SEPARATINGTOWER EXPLOSIONSONG Yuan-ning, WANG Xin ZHAO Yi-nong, ZHAO Yan-li(Liaoning Province Institute of Safety Science Research, Shenyang 110004. ChinAbstract: Based on the analysis of a large number of incident case studies and the conditions leading to the explosion of air-separatg tower, this article aims to present a new approach to getting the eighteenth smallest cutting sets and the corresponding structural sequence by means of the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)method and Boolean calculus formula. As is known, it is of the greatestimportance to make the air-separating tower properly electro-statically ground-connected and avoid excessive acethyne capacity inthe tower. Therefore. the fault tree analysis method is expected to be in a position to provide a significant foundation for regularsafe production that is going on in the air-separating towerKey words: safety science; air separated tower: explode fault tree analysisCLC number: X913 4 Document code: AArticle id:1009-6094(2003)02-0069-02(Journal of Safety and Environment 2003, Vol. 3, No. 2)2002年度全世界生產(chǎn)性事故死亡人數(shù)區(qū)域分布地區(qū)名稱經(jīng)濟(jì)人口從業(yè)人口死亡人口事故起數(shù)所占比例(%)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)國家409141496380833643161701234000東歐國家18471712716212034121425163510印度458720000195600004817636766007082181026997710007361556180000其他亞洲國家4044870504044870508304863379000非洲260725947105406045470541749000拉美與加勒比海1950568021146049629891225850中東國家112906300486352402801921383000