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我們?cè)u(píng)估了通過(guò)高排放量獲得的天然氣的溫室氣體足跡。 頁(yè)巖地層的體積水力壓裂，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注甲烷的排放。 天然氣主要由甲烷組成，其中3.6%-7.9%的甲烷來(lái)自 頁(yè)巖氣生產(chǎn)在排放過(guò)程中泄漏到大氣中 井時(shí)間。這些甲烷排放量至少比或許多30%。 比傳統(tǒng)氣體大兩倍多。來(lái)自 頁(yè)巖氣在井水力壓裂時(shí)發(fā)生-因?yàn)榧淄橐莩?從回流流體-以及在壓裂后鉆出過(guò)程中。甲烷 是一種強(qiáng)大的溫室氣體，具有遠(yuǎn)大于全球變暖的潛力 比二氧化碳的排放量還要多，特別是在前幾個(gè)時(shí)期 排放后幾十年。甲烷對(duì)溫室有很大貢獻(xiàn)。 頁(yè)巖氣在較短時(shí)間尺度上的氣體足跡，在20年內(nèi)占主導(dǎo)地位 地平線。頁(yè)巖氣的足跡大于常規(guī)天然氣或石油的足跡。 從任何時(shí)間范圍來(lái)看，尤其是20多年來(lái)。相比于 煤，頁(yè)巖氣的占地面積至少比煤大20%，也許比煤大兩倍。 在20年的時(shí)間里，它和過(guò)去100年相比，同樣偉大。 甲烷·溫室氣體·全球變暖·天然氣·頁(yè)巖氣·
We evaluate the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas obtained by high- volume hydraulic fracturing from shale formations, focusing on methane emissions. Natural gas is composed largely of methane, and 3.6% to 7.9% of the methane from shale-gas production escapes to the atmosphere in venting and leaks over the life- time of a well. These methane emissions are at least 30% more than and perhaps more than twice as great as those from conventional gas. The higher emissions from shale gas occur at the time wells are hydraulically fractured—as methane escapes from flow-back return fluids—and during drill out following the fracturing. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential that is far greater than that of carbon dioxide, particularly over the time horizon of the first few decades following emission. Methane contributes substantially to the greenhouse gas footprint of shale gas on shorter time scales, dominating it on a 20-year time horizon. The footprint for shale gas is greater than that for conventional gas or oil when viewed on any time horizon, but particularly so over 20 years. Compared to coal, the footprint of shale gas is at least 20% greater and perhaps more than twice as great on the 20-year horizon and is comparable when compared over 100 years. Keywords Methane ·Greenhouse gases ·Global warming ·Natural gas ·Shale gas ·
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