1.1 These test methods cover testing of concrete pipe, manhole sections, and tile. The test methods described are used in production testing and acceptance testing to evaluate the properties provided for in the specifications. 1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:   Section External Load Crushing Strength 4 Flat Slab Top 5 Core Strength 6 Absorption 7 Hydrostatic 8 Permeability 9 Manhole Step 10 Cylinder Strength 11 Gasket Lubricant 12 Joint Shear 13 Alkalinity 14 Gasket Measurements 15 Off-Center Hydrostatic Joint Test 16 Welded Splice Pull Test 17 1.3 The test specimens shall not have been exposed to a temperature below 40°F for the 24 h immediately preceding the test. 1.4 If any test specimen fails because of mechanical reasons such as failure of testing equipment or improper specimen preparation, it shall be discarded and another specimen taken. 1.5 Specimens shall be selected in accordance with the specifications for the type of pipe or tile being tested. 1.6 A complete metric companion to Test Methods C497 has been developed—C497M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in these methods. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.